Humane Entrepreneurship and Strategies for Countries by Performance and Economic Development

초록

This study compares perceptions of humane entrepreneurship, the pursuit of entrepreneurial growth and humane development for opportunity realization and sustainable organization (White Book, 2016), among 19 countries and provides suggestions for high and balanced entrepreneurial culture in each country. To measure humane entrepreneurship, 10Es were used: empowerment, ethics, equality, engagement, ecosystem, envisioning, enthusiasm, enlightenment, experimentation, and excellence. To enable country-by-country, gap analysis was used for elements of humane entrepreneurship and it was found that enterprise cycle, humane cycle and humane entrepreneurship score were different between innovation-driven country group and other country group. For Korea, performance ratios drop abruptly when we move from enterprise cycle to humane cycle. To invigorate the entrepreneurial ecosystem, both enterprise cycle and human cycle are necessary and balance between humane cycle and enterprise cycle is important. Next this paper executed importance-performance analysis (IPA) to provide suggestions for humane entrepreneurship strategy to fill the gap in each country. Overall, enlightenment and enthusiasm were classified as ‘keep up the good work’ category, while empowerment and ethics were recommended to ‘concentrate on’. Engagement was also important to ‘keep or concentrate’. Ecosystem and equality were perceived as ‘low priority’. IPA patterns were different between groups with high and low level of gap and/or performance ratio. In top six country group, empowerment and enthusiasm were important. In bottom six country group, empowerment and ethics were perceived to deserve concentration and enlightenment was considered important to keep current level. This study also found distinctive IPA patterns in innovation-driven economy and efficiency-driven economy respectively. People in the efficiency-driven economy perceived enlightenment as ‘keep up the good work’, empowerment and ethics as ‘to concentrate here’, and ecosystem and equality as ‘low priority’. For countries in the innovation-driven stage, ‘keep up’ for enthusiasm and ‘concentrate’ for empowerment were recommended but ecosystem was considered to have ‘low priority’. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications and research directions will be discussed.