사회통합을 위한 패러다임 모색 - 유럽의 상호문화주의와 상호문화정책을 중심으로 -

초록

Advanced multicultural countries in Europe are facing major difficulties in operating their national economy due to labor shortage resulting from low birthrate and aging population, decrease in the number of economically active population, slowdown in economic growth, increase in financial burden for social welfare etc. Then they are steadily accepting international migrants even into the twenty-first century as a self-help measure for the sustainable development of society. The continuous expansion of migrant society has, however, deepened political, economic, social, cultural, linguistic, and religious conflicts between the mainstream and migrant groups. Not only did the deep rift amplify serious social and cultural dissonance, but it also resulted in violent bloody clashes of riots, riots and terrors. A string of violent events have led many European leaders to pour out the ‘failure of multiculturalism’ without hesitation. In this situation, European societies have actively sought a new conceptual logic and argument which can replace the existing multiculturalism and multicultural policies. What comes to fore then are interculturalism and intercultural policies based on it. Interculturalism emphasizes dynamic interaction through interrelationships such as mutual encounters, mutual exchanges, and interactions of various cultural groups in a specific region. Intercultural policies which are based on interculturalism as an ideological logic refer to the line and the means to create a peaceful and harmonious society by interacting between various different cultural members. Last but not least: the basic premise of interculturalism is that each cultural group constituting a society has equal rights and status, regardless of the influence and scale of the society. The premise itself may, however, be an ideal concept that seems to exist not in the real world, but only in the ‘utopian world’.

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