The Origins and Symbolism of Vaiśravana Iconography and the Impact of the Royal Image as Donor and Protector

초록

This study examines the origins and symbolic meanings of the iconography of Vai & sacute;ravana, which gained prominence in East Asia during the 200 years after the 8th century, through the lens of royal imagery as both a devotee and protector. As Vai & sacute;ravana's iconography spread along the Silk Road, it integrated diverse cultural traditions from the ancient Near East and the Indo-Iranian world, with Gandh & amacr;ra and Khotan as central hubs. The iconography evolved into a distinctive form, featuring a cylindrical crown adorned with bird motifs, shoulder flames, a cross belt, a St & umacr;pa, a spear, and celestial maidens. Previous studies often limited its origin to either Gandh & amacr;ra or Khotan; however, this research highlights contributions from both regions, emphasizing their roles in shaping iconography. By focusing on Gandh & amacr;ra and the Kushan Empire, this study explores how these elements reflect the diversity of regional cultures, political ideals, and religious values. It contextualizes these developments within historical and cultural exchanges between regions, offering a broader understanding of Vai & sacute;ravana's formation. The findings reveal that Vai & sacute;ravana's iconography reflects cultural exchange and symbolizes the sacred earthly ruler. This perspective highlights how regional diversity and intercultural interactions shaped its development, enriching the study of Buddhist iconography.

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