양주 회암사지(楊州 檜巖寺址) 4단지 문지 출토소조편(塑造片)을 통해 본 회암사 사천왕상

초록

This article examines the shape, iconography, and creation date of the Four Buddhist Heavenly Kings (Sacheonwang四天王) enshrined in the Heavenly Kings’ Gate (Cheonwangmun 天王門) of Hoeamsa in Yangju, Gyeonggi Provinceduring the early Joseon Dynasty. First, small fragments of clay decoration excavated from a fourth-platform gate siteof the Hoeamsa Temple Site in Yangju Gyeonggi Province were analyzed and compared to other Four HeavenlyKings enshrined in the (Cheonwangmun gates) during the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the size and shape of thegate were compared to other Cheonwangmun gates constructed during the Joseon Dynasty. Results revealed that the excavated fragments were part of the armor of Sacheonwang, and the clay-standingstatues enshrined in the fourth-platform gate of Hoeamsa Temple would be proportional in size to those ofBeopjusa Temple in Boeum, South Chungcheong Province. The flame-type pieces, which decorated the HeavenlyKing's crown in the Joseon Dynasty, and the rectangular-type pieces were not found in artifacts from the GoryeoDynasty. Therefore, the Sacheonwang sculptures of Hoeamsa Temple were likely made in the late 15th century inthe early Joseon Dynasty. A detailed iconography of the Sacheonwang of Hoeamsa is presumedly based on the Buddhist paintings ofthe late Goryeo and early Joseon, illustrations of Buddhist scriptures (Gyeongbyeonsangdo 經變相圖), and the Fourstanding Guardian Sculptures at the Four Corners of Diamond Ordination Platform (Geumgang Gedan 金剛戒亶)in Tongdosa in Yangsan, North Gyeongsang Province. During the late Goryeo Dynasty and early Joseon Dynasty,Traditional iconography from Goryeo and new iconography from Ming coexisted. However, in the late 15th century,the Sacheonwang statues of the early Joseon Dynasty had many elements that were different from those of theGoryeo Dynasty, which were similar to the statues enshrined in Cheonwangmun Gate during the Joseon Dynasty.

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