러시아-우크라이나 전쟁의 교훈과 한국군 군집드론 체계 발전 방향 연구

초록

This study analyzes the evolving drone warfare tactics observed in the Russia-Ukraine War and proposes development directions for the Republic of Korea (ROK) Armed Forces' swarm drone systems. The Ukrainian battlefield has demonstrated a new paradigm of asymmetric warfare, where low-cost attritable drones effectively neutralize high-value assets such as tanks and armored vehicles. Simultaneously, the conflict has exposed critical vulnerabilities of conventional drones operating in intense electronic warfare environments with widespread GPS jamming. This research comparatively examines swarm drone technologies and operational concepts of the United States, China, and Russia. Based on this analysis, the study recommends three key development priorities for the ROK military: (1) technological advancement including Edge AI-based autonomous navigation in GPS-denied environments and self-healing mesh networks; (2) manufacturing innovation through modular open systems architecture (MOSA) and low-cost mass production capabilities; and (3) tactical expansion encompassing air-ground combined swarms and electronic warfare-specialized formations. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the parallel development of counter-drone defense systems utilizing High-Power Microwave (HPM) technology. These recommendations aim to address the challenges posed by demographic decline while effectively countering North Korea's asymmetric threats on the Korean Peninsula.

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