Optimizing thermal and strength characteristics of loess-based ceramic aggregates for sustainable buildings

초록

The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building energy storage systems (ESS) has shown significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency. However, applications are limited by PCM leakage, low thermal conductivity, and reduced structural strength in building materials. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel loess-based ceramic aggregate designed to minimize leakage, enhance thermal conductivity, and maintain structural integrity. By systematically analyzing aggregates of varying diameters, the research reveals size-dependent thermal storage performance, with larger aggregates achieving PCM impregnation rates of up to 12.3 % and latent heat capacities of 16.89 J/g. Morphological analyses identified pore diameters ranging from 5 to 35 nm, which optimize PCM retention and minimize leakage. Exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnPs) enhanced phase change efficiency and thermal conductivity. The optimal mix ratio of 60 % loess ceramic aggregates and 40 % sand was found to maximize compressive strength (23.8 MPa) while reducing thermal conductivity by up to 38 %. Furthermore, a novel compressive strength-to-thermal conductivity ratio (CTR) of 32.16 is proposed, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the balance between structural integrity and thermal performance. This study bridges the gap between thermal performance and structural stability, offering scalable solutions for sustainable construction.

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