Two-stage robust optimization approach for integrated supply chain planning with hybrid-dark stores

초록

The rapid growth of e-commerce has led to the emergence of dark stores, where traditional brick-and-mortar stores are repurposed into micro-fulfillment centers to meet online demand. Recently, a growing number of retailers have adopted hybrid-dark stores (HDSs), which operate simultaneously as physical retail outlets and fulfillment centers, enabling flexible space allocation and internal inventory transfers across both areas. While this dual functionality offers greater operational agility, it also introduces significant complexity into supply chain operations, particularly under demand uncertainty. To address this challenge, we propose a two-stage robust optimization approach for supply chain planning with HDSs. In the first stage, a target-oriented robust optimization framework determines binary production and space allocation decisions. In the second stage, adaptive recourse actions are taken for the remaining continuous decisions. Computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach consistently outperforms benchmark models in terms of cost efficiency and adaptability under demand uncertainty. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses provide managerial insights for practitioners managing supply chains with HDSs.

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